what did southern apologists believe about slavery quizlet

sig= showed the extensive process of the slave trade, and what a valuable resource slaves were. Through the days leading up to the secession and during the war itself, Palmer and other preachers delivered the same message. In the meantime, the White or European race, has not degenerated. Enslaved Africans supplied the free labor that helped the British Empire prosper for much of the 18th century. It is odious to make comparison; but I appeal to all sides whether the South is not equal in virtue, intelligence, patriotism, courage, disinterestedness, and all the high qualities which adorn our nature. What hearty handshakings after the service. The rest of Palmer's sermon is an exhortation to stand firm against the reformers and the Northeven if that means secession. . The war, which began as a sectional power struggle to preserve the Union, in turn led Lincoln (who had never been an abolitionist) to emancipate enslaved persons in areas of the rebellion by the Emancipation Proclamation (1863) and led further to the freeing of all enslaved persons in the United States by the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865. Southern apologists argued that the institution of slavery was a "positive good" because it subsidized an elegant lifestyle for a white elite and provided tutelage for genetically inferior Africans. Southern ministers had written the majority of all published defenses of slavery, Jemison reminds us. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); As abolitionism gathered strength, white Southerners repositioned themselves from an acceptance of slavery as a necessary evil to defending it as a positive good. A. Calhoun then offered a moral defense of slavery by claiming it to be a more humane method of organizing labor than the conditions wage laborers faced in industrial cities in Europe and the northern United States. A common explanation is that the Civil War was fought over the moral issue of slavery. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Richmond, VA: Presbyterian Committee of Publication, 1911. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1980. Richmond, VA: J. W. Randolph, 1856. 1830s. The most profitable commodity bought and sold in the upper tier of southern states was. How did the Confederate States of Americas constitution differ from the Constitution of the United States of America? immigrants; it was better to pay someone than to risk losing an investment, not really; they had minimal protection from arbitrary murder or unusually cruel punishments and some states prohibited the sale of children under 10. did authorities enforce laws that benefited slaves? Once again, the status of slavery in the territories became a hot issue. These denominations rapid expansion in the South, however, meant abandoning this position in recognition that upwardly mobile members increasingly included slaveholders. Justification for slavery came with this growth and found its parallels in the biblical subordination of women. SOUTH, THE Lincoln's famous "House Divided" speech of 1858 only. "Remember the Alamo". The roots of the crisis over slavery that gripped the nation in 18601861 go back to the nations founding. A lot of Puritans are in the North as well, and they don't condone slavery as much and believe it a sin (manstealing). Identify the main proslavery arguments in the years prior to the Civil War. Was the Conspiracy That Gripped New York in 1741 Real? By the beginning of the Civil War, many Southerners saw themselves as morally superior to Northerners; after all, they had never tried to force their way of life onto the North. How then can the hand of violence be laid upon it without involving our existence? Southerners, in contrast, were quiet, gentle, thoughtful, and given on occasion to "flights of genius" (p. 406). As abolitionism gathered strength, white Southerners repositioned themselves from an acceptance of slavery as a necessary evil to defending it as a positive good. By that time, American abolitionists had realized the failure of gradualism and persuasion, and they subsequently turned to a more militant policy, demanding immediate abolition by law. It afforded greater long-term security In the upper tier of southern states, the principal slave-produced commodity was. Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit), Missouri University Of Science And Technology, State University Of New York Health Science Center At Brooklyn, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry, The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, The University Of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences, University At Buffalo Suny School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles (Ucla), University Of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, University Of Maryland Baltimore County (Umbc), University Of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, University Of Tennessee Health Science Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. All rights reserved. yes, they dreamed of becoming rich and owning slaves, and their pride in their race would be diluted if the slaves were freed, independent small farmers in the Appalachians who owned no slaves and supported the Union. Get your fix of JSTOR Dailys best stories in your inbox each Thursday. One popular advocate of the idea posited that Black people occupied a place in evolution between the Greeks and chimpanzees. Which practice provides the best evidence against the idea of benevolent planters who looked after the best welfare of their slaves? . Figure 2. Garrison was a close ally of Frederick Douglass, who escaped his enslavement and whose 1845 autobiography became a bestseller. . If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. But a number of factors combined to give the movement increased momentum, particularly as abolitionisms cause became caught up in the undercurrents of sectionalism. The condition of society in the South exempts us from the disorders and dangers resulting from this conflict; and which explains why it is that the political condition of the slaveholding States has been so much more stable and quiet than that of the North. D. They wanted a gradual end to slavery in the South. Palmer continues with the practical dimension of his argument: Need I pause to show how this system of servitude underlies and supports our material interests? From the 1820s until the start of the U.S. Civil War, abolitionists called on the federal government to prohibit the ownership of people in the Southern states. Between 1945 and 1969, archaeologists hurriedly surveyed over 20,000 prehistorical sites before the Mississippi River Basin was flooded by dams. In the 1830s, southern apologists in the South argued that slavery was a "positive good" because it allowed an elegant lifestyle for white elites and provided protection for inferior Africans. 1830s Area in the south that was a hotbed for cotton production. To maintain the existing relations between the two races, inhabiting that section of the Union, is indispensable to the peace and happiness of both. Moderates believed that slavery should be phased out gradually, in order to ensure the economy of the Southern states would not collapse. Enslavers, he argued, took care of the ignorantin Fitzhughs argument, the enslaved persons of the South. the north would cut off cotton exports, the British factories would close, mobs would force London to break the blockade, and the South would win; the British began to grow cotton in India, so this did not happen. White southerners responded by putting forth arguments in defense of slavery, their way of life, and their honor. The sermon, in fact, has been widely credited with giving the moral and popular push to Louisiana's decision to secede from the Union. Sig= showed the absolute subjugation of slaves at this time. when was the last official count of slaves? In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. I've worked with students of all ages and backgrounds, and I love helping them unlock their full potential. Southern proslavery arguments did NOT include the belief that slavery was. C. They felt free Black people were treated worse than the enslaved people in the South. Indeed, Virginians cited Garrison as the instigator of Nat Turners 1831 rebellion. By 1838, the split between the two factions had grown so strong that there were in effect two Presbyterian churches in the United States. The principle that a slave was property to be bought and sold. At one end of its spectrum was William Lloyd Garrison, an immediatist, the founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society (183370), who denounced not only slavery but also the Constitution of the United States for tolerating the evil. few did because of the competition with slave labor, a former slave/the Barber of Natchez who owned slaves and property, no, they were prohibited from working in certain occupations and testifying against whites in court; they could be sold back into slavery; some states forbid their entrance, most forbid them from voting, and some forbid them from public schools, no, Congress outlawed it in 1808, but thousands were smuggled in. Theological justification from their ministers allowed them to believe that not only did God sanction slavery, but slaverys supporters were better Christians and more faithful interpreters of Biblical text than were their opponents. The slave-owning class was small, but it was supported by the overwhelming majority of churches and ministers., Considering they saw themselves as doing Gods work, white Southerners were shocked by the military defeat of the Confederacy. being unable to own or operate small businesses. . This outcome was in part the result of different forms of church government; all three of these churches were organized into dioceses (or synods, in the case of the Lutherans) that were largely defined by territory; thus extreme abolitionist and proslavery views did not meet at the national level in these bodies. In making their defense of slavery, they critiqued wage labor in the North. . White, Henry Alexander. Harriet Tubman: Tubman was a fugitive enslaved person. Such other denominations as the Lutherans, Episcopalians, and Roman Catholics were affected by the slavery issue, although they did not have any formal separations until after the secession began (Hudson 1987, p. 193). no, by 1850, less than 2,000 Southerners owned over 100 slaves and were usually politicians and aristocrats did some southerners own no slaves? Agassizs notion gained widespread popularity in the 1850s with the 1854 publication of George Gliddon and Josiah Notts Types of Mankind and other books. What was one goal of the American Colonization Society? Powerful southerners like South Carolinian John C. Calhounhighlighted laws like the Tariff of 1828 as evidence of the Norths desire to destroy the southern economy and, by extension, its culture. what did the Virginia legislature do about slavery in 1831 and 1832? The conflicting elements would burst the Union asunder, powerful as are the links which hold it together. See also slavery. After all, the New Testaments injunctions for slaves to obey their masters appeared alongside instructions for wives to obey their husbands., This hierarchy placed white men (including ministers) at the top, because slaves (and white women and children) were incapable of ordering themselves. Moreover, slavery had gained new vitality when an extremely profitable cotton-based agriculture developed in the South in the early 19th century. Stephen Austin 1830s. I'm passionate about helping people achieve their dreams, and I believe that education is the key to unlocking everyone's potential. How did apologists describe the institution of slavery before the 1830s? the belief that people of African descent were mentally and morally inferior, The internal slave trade in the Unites States ran from the, During the nineteenth century, the center of cotton production. Palmer also argues that the slaves are better off with slavery, in part because of their own nature: "We know better than others that every attribute of their character fits them for dependence and servitude. Abolitionists were a divided group. this video from Heimlers History channel to learn more about some of the main pro-slavery arguments, https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/12-3-wealth-and-culture-in-the-south, https://cnx.org/contents/NgBFhmUc@14.3:iQkwpaR_@8/6-25-%E2%9C%92%EF%B8%8F-John-C-Calhoun-Slavery-as-a-Positive-Good-1837#fs-idm205300544. they founded the American Antislavery Society, along with Wendell Phililps, he ran an abolitionist newspaper in (free) Illinois but was murdered in 1837 after a Missouri pro-slavery group broke into his house and destroyed his equipment, southern abolitionists who grew up on a plantation but thought the idea was wrong; their speeches were successful because of the experience, he was influenced by Charles Grandison Finney and appealed to rural farmers; with help from Arthur and Lewis Tappan, he went to the Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati in 1832; he was expelled for organizing a debate on slavery in 1834 but proceeded to preach antislavery with other Lane Rebels; in 1839, he compiled the propaganda pamphlet American Slavery as It Is, headmaster of the Lane Theological Seminary in the early 1830s, he published the antislavery newspaper The Liberator in Boston beginning in 1831 and proposed ideas as to how to end slavery immediately; on July 4, 1854, he burned a copy of the Constitution. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization helping the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways. Gallagher, Gary W., and Alan T. Nolan, eds. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); From an anti-abolitionist, pro-slavery cartoon, 1800. Interestingly, many white preachers made it a point of preaching to slave congregations; some turned their ministries exclusively to slaves. The push to abolish slavery in the United States proved more difficult because slavery was driven by domestic rather than colonial enterprises and was the social and economic base of the plantations of 11 Southern states. They argued that slaves lived in better conditions than factory workers. They argued that inequality in society was inevitable. Slave owners believed they helped enslaved people by providing food, shelter, and clothing while relieving them of responsibility. Figure 1. His newspaper, The Liberator, lived up to its promise that it would not equivocate in its war against slavery. John C. Calhoun, u201cSlavery as a Positive Good,u201d 1837. Edited by Giles Gunn, SOUTH, THE The theory of polygenism codified racism, giving the notion of Black inferiority the lofty mantle of science. In the enjoyment of these rights, religion demands he should be protected. On one side were advocates like Garrison, who called for an immediate end to slavery. // Who Is Swizz Beatz Father, Why Do Dogs Like Some Strangers And Not Others, Articles W